MEANING AND TYPES OF SURVEY
Surveying: Is an art or science of measuring and recording distances, angles, heights and sizes on the Earths’ surface to obtain data from which accurate plans and maps are made.
OR
Surveying is also the art and science of making or taking measurements both linear and angular on the Earth‘s surface at different positions for the purpose of producing a plan or map.
Angular measurement means measuring the distance from a given reference point to an observed object. The distance is measured in a clockwise direction from North.
Linear measurement is the distance measured along the surface of the ground such as a horizontal distance.
Boundaries, areas, elevations, construction lines and geographical or artificial features are determined by the measurement of horizontal and vertical distances/angles and by computations based on geometry and trigonometry.
PURPOSES OF SURVEYING
1. To prepare/making maps or plans
In order to show the existing situation of the area for development.
Also for planning like town planning, telephone/electric lines, construction of transport routes and buildings.
2. To calculate areas and distance
TYPES OF SIMPLE LAND SURVEY
The types of Simple land Survey can be categorized basing on two (2) criteria. Which are;
a) According to the size and nature of the surface to be surveyed.
b) Basing/According to the specific objectives.
A. BASING ON THE SIZE AND NATURE OF THE SURFACE.
There are two types of land surveying which are Geodetic and Plane.
I. GEODETIC SURVEYS (GEODES)
This is the type/branch of surveying in which when taking measurements, the curvature (shape) of the Earth is taken into consideration.
The main purpose of this survey is to lay a foundation for other types of surveys and research.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GEODETIC SURVEY
i. It consider the curvature of the Earth.
ii. It determines the curved distance shape and size of the earth’s surface.
iii. It involves advanced mathematical calculation.
iv. It has high accuracy compared to plane survey
v. It is suitable for large area and large distance e.g. the whole Earth’s surface, continent or a country.
II. PLANE SURVEY
This is a branch of surveying which involves taking measurements on the earth’s surface without considering spherical shape of the earth.
It assumes that the Earth’s surface is a flat plane (It neglects the curvature of the Earth).
Plane survey is used mostly in measuring small area like plots, village, small towns, buildings, playgrounds.
CHARACTERISTCIS OF PLANE SURVEY
i. It is suitable for small area e.g. school, township or a village.
ii. It doesn’t consider the curvature of the earth
iii. It doesn’t involve advanced mathematical calculation.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANE SURVEYING
Surveying: Is an art or science of measuring and recording distances, angles, heights and sizes on the Earths’ surface to obtain data from which accurate plans and maps are made.
OR
Surveying is also the art and science of making or taking measurements both linear and angular on the Earth‘s surface at different positions for the purpose of producing a plan or map.
Angular measurement means measuring the distance from a given reference point to an observed object. The distance is measured in a clockwise direction from North.
Linear measurement is the distance measured along the surface of the ground such as a horizontal distance.
Boundaries, areas, elevations, construction lines and geographical or artificial features are determined by the measurement of horizontal and vertical distances/angles and by computations based on geometry and trigonometry.
PURPOSES OF SURVEYING
1. To prepare/making maps or plans
In order to show the existing situation of the area for development.
Also for planning like town planning, telephone/electric lines, construction of transport routes and buildings.
2. To calculate areas and distance
TYPES OF SIMPLE LAND SURVEY
The types of Simple land Survey can be categorized basing on two (2) criteria. Which are;
a) According to the size and nature of the surface to be surveyed.
b) Basing/According to the specific objectives.
A. BASING ON THE SIZE AND NATURE OF THE SURFACE.
There are two types of land surveying which are Geodetic and Plane.
I. GEODETIC SURVEYS (GEODES)
This is the type/branch of surveying in which when taking measurements, the curvature (shape) of the Earth is taken into consideration.
The main purpose of this survey is to lay a foundation for other types of surveys and research.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GEODETIC SURVEY
i. It consider the curvature of the Earth.
ii. It determines the curved distance shape and size of the earth’s surface.
iii. It involves advanced mathematical calculation.
iv. It has high accuracy compared to plane survey
v. It is suitable for large area and large distance e.g. the whole Earth’s surface, continent or a country.
II. PLANE SURVEY
This is a branch of surveying which involves taking measurements on the earth’s surface without considering spherical shape of the earth.
It assumes that the Earth’s surface is a flat plane (It neglects the curvature of the Earth).
Plane survey is used mostly in measuring small area like plots, village, small towns, buildings, playgrounds.
CHARACTERISTCIS OF PLANE SURVEY
i. It is suitable for small area e.g. school, township or a village.
ii. It doesn’t consider the curvature of the earth
iii. It doesn’t involve advanced mathematical calculation.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANE SURVEYING